Psychometric analysis of the new ADHD DSM-V derived symptoms

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Following the agreements on the reformulating and revising of ADHD diagnostic criteria, recently, the proposed revision for ADHD added 4 new symptoms to the hyperactivity and Impulsivity aspect in DSM-V. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the proposed ADHD diagnostic criteria.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>ADHD diagnosis was made according to DSM-IV. The parents completed the screening test of ADHD checklist of Child Symptom Inventory-4 and the 4 items describing the new proposed symptoms in DSM-V.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The confirmatory factor analysis of the ADHD DSM-V derived items supports the loading of two factors including inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity. There is a sufficient reliability for the items. However, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model is better fitted than the two-factor one. Moreover, the results of the exploratory analysis raised some concerns about the factor loading of the four new items.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The current results support the two-factor model of the DSM-V ADHD diagnostic criteria including inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity. However, the four new items can be considered as a third factor.</p

Are GPs adequately equipped with the knowledge for educating and counseling of families with ADHD children?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common child psychiatry disorders. General physicians (GP), as primary care providers, can have an important role in screening and treatment of ADHD. This study aimed to survey GPs' knowledge, attitude, and their views of their role in the screening, diagnosing and managing children with ADHD.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Six hundred and sixty five general physicians in Shiraz, Iran, answered a self-reported questionnaire on ADHD. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding socio-demographic characteristics such as age, the duration of practice as a GP, marital status, general knowledge about ADHD, and the management of ADHD.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Less than half of them believed that they have adequate knowledge and information about this disorder. They usually do not like to be the primary care providers for children with ADHD. The majority of them prefer to refer the children to related specialists, mostly psychiatrists or psychologists. More than one third of them believed that sugar is a cause of ADHD. Only 6.6% of them reported that ADHD persists for the whole life. Their knowledge about methylphenidate is reasonable.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>As many other countries worldwide, the knowledge of GPs about ADHD should be improved. They do not asses and manage children with probable ADHD by themselves without referring to related professionals. They do not opt for the use of methylphenidate.</p

Prevalence of nail biting and its association with mental health in a community sample of children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study evaluates onychophagia or nail biting (NB) prevalence and association with mental health of a community sample of children from Shiraz, Iran.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The parents of 743 primary school children, selected by random sampling, reported NB behavior of their children and themselves. Children's mental health problem was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). 22.3% (95% CI: 19.3 to 25.3) of children had NB behavior in the last three months (girls: 20.1% (95% CI: 15.9 to 24.2). The rate in boys was 24.4% (95% CI: 20.1 to 28.7). 36.8% of the children with NB had at least one family member with nail biting. Older age was associated with a higher prevalence of NB while a higher score on the prosocial score was associated with a lower prevalence of NB.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>NB is a very common behavior in both genders in children and their family members. Children with NB have less prosocial ability than those without it.</p

How do ADHD children perceive their cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of anger expression in school setting?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Anger is an ignored research area in children and young adolescents with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the school setting. This study compares school anger dimensions in children and young adolescents with ADHD and a control group.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The subjects were a clinical sample of 67 children and young adolescents with ADHD and their parents, with a sample of 91 children from the community of similar age and gender as control group. Anger was measured by the Farsi version of the Multidimensional School Anger Inventory (MSAI).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The scores of the two components of "Hostile Outlook" and "Positive Coping" were different between the groups. The mean scores for the Anger components did not statistically differ between the children with ADHD and ODD and ADHD without ODD, boys and girls, or different types of ADHD.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Children with ADHD do not report higher rates of experience of anger and they do not apply destructive strategies more than the control group. However, children with ADHD appear to have a more hostile outlook toward school and their coping strategy is weaker than that of the control group.</p

Effected by dietary nucleotide on changes in intestinal Morphology, growth and fatty acid profile of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The effects of dietary nucleotide (0.2%) on the growth, intestinal morphology as well as fatty acid profile of the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated in Bushehr province (Delvar) for a 5-week feeding trial. The experiment was carried out in triplicate in circular PVC tanks of 300L capacity. Each tank was randomly filled with 25 shrimps weighting on average 3.21±0.03g. Added dietary nucleotide significantly improved growth factors such as 10% weight increase, 7.97% increase in specific growth rate (SGR), 11.32% increase in protein efficiency ratio (PER), 9.64% decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and 14:1n5, 20:3n3 and DHA fatty acids. However, no significant differences were evident in survival, carapace length gain, daily feed consumption and saturate fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, n-3/n-6 as well as EPA+DHA fatty acids between the two treatments. Intestine epithelium cells height (IECH) in the abdominal first section were significantly higher in shrimp fed by dietary nucleotide

Adsorption of Escherichia coli Using Bone Char

The aim of study was providing a novel adsorbent for the removal of Escherichia coli (E.coli) as a microbial model from contaminated air especially in hospital units using bone char (BC). The BC was prepared from cattle animal bone by pyrolysis in a furnace at 450°C for 2 h. The characteristics of BC have been determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), pHzpc, apparent density and iodine number. Nebulizer system applied to convert the E.coli with different concentration into bioaerosols. The variables included: BC weights (4-10 g), the adsorbent pore size (20-40 mesh) and microbial concentrations (103-107 CFU/mL). Characteristics of the adsorbent show the ability of the BC to remove E.coli fromair. The results shows the higher amounts of BC, the more efficiency achieved to purify contaminate air and particles in the range of 20-40 mesh were more practical in removing bioaerosols. An efficient time for removing the more E.coli was 30 minutes. The maximum bacterial efficiency removal achieved was 99.99%. Comparison of removalefficiency with other literature showed that the BC particles were better mineral sorbents than other organic adsorbents and a commercial activated carbon. In this study, we investigated a novel air purification adsorbent and the information obtained in the paper is of fundamental significance for the mineral adsorbents especially bone charin cleaning of indoor bioaeroso

Social factors in Iranian medical students' drug use

Background: There is an increasing concern about youth drug use in Iran. Aim: This survey investigated the association between variables in social control theory and social learning theory (having a drug-using friend) with students' self-reported drug use. Design: Self-reporting of the use of cigarettes, cannabis, alcohol and opioids (opiate, heroin). Students responded to the question: "If you have ever used the drug, when was the last time?" The dependent (drug-using) and independent variables were examined in an association model. Participants: One hundred and seventy-three Shiraz Paramedical University Students were selected randomly and asked to complete a questionnaire. Finding: Although the model of drug use for each of the drugs was different, their similarities were more than their differences. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between social learning theory variables and drug use. Some of social control theory variables had significant correlation with drug use, such as religious attachment in the use of alcohol - but its association with use of other drugs was indirect. The social control theory was not a better explanation than social learning theory. © 2005 Taylor & Francis

Association of nail biting and psychiatric disorders in children and their parents in a psychiatrically referred sample of children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nail biting (NB) is a very common unwanted behavior. The majority of children are motivated to stop NB and have already tried to stop it, but are generally unsuccessful in doing so. It is a difficult behavior to modify or treat. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders in a clinical sample of children with NB who present at a child and adolescent mental healthcare outpatient clinic and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in their parents.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>A consecutive sample of 450 referred children was examined for NB and 63 (14%) were found to have NB. The children and adolescents with nail biting and their parents were interviewed according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. They were also asked about lip biting, head banging, skin biting, and hair pulling behaviors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Nail biting is common amongst children and adolescents referred to a child and adolescent mental health clinic. The most common co-morbid psychiatric disorders in these children were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (74.6%), oppositional defiant disorder (36%), separation anxiety disorder (20.6%), enuresis (15.6%), tic disorder (12.7%) and obsessive compulsive disorder (11.1%). The rates of major depressive disorder, mental retardation, and pervasive developmental disorder were 6.7%, 9.5%, 3.2%, respectively. There was no association between the age of onset of nail biting and the co-morbid psychiatric disorder. Severity and frequency of NB were not associated with any co-morbid psychiatric disorder. About 56.8% of the mothers and 45.9% of the fathers were suffering from at least one psychiatric disorder. The most common psychiatric disorder found in these parents was major depression.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Nail biting presents in a significant proportion of referrals to a mental healthcare clinic setting. Nail biting should be routinely looked for and asked for in the child and adolescent mental healthcare setting because it is common in a clinical population, easily visible in consultation and relatively unintrusive to ask about. If present, its detection can then be followed by looking for other more subtle stereotypic or self-mutilating behaviors.</p

Iron-silver oxide nanoadsorbent synthesized by co-precipitation process for fluoride removal from aqueous solution and its adsorption mechanism

Fe-Ag magnetic binary oxide nanoparticles (Fe-Ag MBON) are prepared with co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous chloride solutions, and used for the adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution. The surface morphology of the adsorbent was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, EDX, BET, DLS and VSM techniques. Batch method was followed to optimize the conditions for the removal of fluoride. The results showed maximum removal occurred at pH 3.0 and adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 20 min. Chemical kinetics of the adsorption were well fitted by pseudo-second order models (R2 &gt; 0.968) and the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model well (R2 &gt; 0.976). The fluoride adsorption capacity of Fe-Ag MBON was 22.883 mg g-1, and decreased with increasing the temperature. Thermodynamic values revealed that the fluoride adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. Regeneration experiments were carried out for six cycles and the results indicate a removal efficiency loss of &lt;22. © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry